(17) Explain the differences and similarities between allopatric speciation and sympatric speciation.

A.Allopatric speciation is speciation by geographic isolation. A hypothetical example a big rock blocks the path of a river, which changes course and cuts through the place where some rabbits live. Then, a man moves into the north side of the river and starts killing the rabbits that eat his farm food, while the southern side remains the same as before. You see the difference in the environment? Because there is a different environment, different genes would be selected through natural selection. As time goes by, the genotype of these two populations would be very different, so different that they may not be able to interbreed again.
Sympatric speciation occurs in the same geographic region. A hypothetical example can be birds in a forest. The birds with big beaks can peck through the big nuts and eat them, which the birds with small beaks can peck through small nuts and eat them. However, birds with medium beaks can't pick through the small nuts or crack the big ones, so they would be eliminated by natural selection. Instead, natural selection selects for the two extreme beak sizes, leading the group that specializes on big nuts to grow bigger and bigger beaks, and the group that specializes on small nuts to grow smaller and smaller beaks. Eventually, their genome is so different that they can no longer interbreed.
They are similar in that there is some sort of challenge that made the organism change.

B.Allopatric speciation is where there is a geographic barrier separating a population which causes adaptation. Sympatric speciation is where there is something other than geological barrier separating a population. There are a few types of sympatric speciation including: Hybrid infertility, gametic isolation (the egg and sperm don’t fit), Mechanical isolation (not physically capable), behavioral isolation (they are just not attracted to each other), temporal isolation (awake at different times), Ecological isolation (live in the same place but don’t interact).

C.http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Speciation

allopatric speciation is speciation by geographic isolation. A hypothetical example a big rock blocks the path of a river, which changes course and cuts through the place where some rabbits live. Then, a man moves into the north side of the river and starts killing the rabbits that eat his farm food, while the southern side remains the same as before. You see the difference in the environment? Because there is a different environment, different genes would be selected through natural selection. As time goes by, the genotype of these two populations would be very different, so different that they may not be able to interbreed again. An actual, rather famous, example of this is Darwin's Finches.

sympatric speciation occurs in the same geographic region. A hypothetical example can be birds in a forest. The birds with big beaks can peck through the big nuts and eat them, which the birds with small beaks can peck through small nuts and eat them. However, birds with medium beaks can't pick through the small nuts or crack the big ones, so they would be eliminated by natural selection. Instead, natural selection selects for the two extreme beak sizes, leading the group that specializes on big nuts to grow bigger and bigger beaks, and the group that specializes on small nuts to grow smaller and smaller beaks. Eventually, their genome is so different that they can no longer interbreed. An actual example of this is the resident and transient orcas.

D.Allopatric speciation has a geographical barrier that separates a pop. And cause it to evolve and become reproductively isolated. Sympatric speciation occurs within a subgroup of the population and evolve to be reproductively isolated. They are both similar that the species ends up becoming reproductively isolated.